POWER

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New methods to power mobile phones - computer science crazy	phones, mobile, power, methods,

solar powered mobile phone bio thermal powered mobile phone (on research path)
An Introduction to Low Power Design in VLSI - computer science crazy	An Introduction to Low Power Design in VLSI, VLSI, Design, Power, Introduction,

Low power has emerged as a principal theme in today's electronics industry. The need for low power has caused a major paradigm shift in which power dissipation is as important as performance and area. This seminar will cover the issues and challenges of the low power design, what are the different sources of power dissipations and the degrees of freedom with the problem associated with them
nuclear powered battery which is no larger than a penny - computer science crazy	nuclear powered battery which is no larger than a penny, penny, than, larger, which, battery, powered, nuclear,

The focus of the research has been on producing tiny batteries for powering MEMS and which, in theory, could last thousands of years. While radioisotope batteries have previously been used in spacecraft, the new batteries are much smaller and utilize a liquid semiconductor as opposed to traditional solid state devices used in nuclear batteries. The battery's output is 16.2nW.The research has been undertaken by Prof Jae Kwon and J David Robertson from the University of Missouri. Robertson said: The hard part of using radioactive decay is that when you harvest the energy, part of that energy goes towards creating defects that damage a solid state semiconductor. So we created a battery without that part degrading over time. Prof Kwon added that he believes that the nuclear liquid semiconductor power units could eventually be made 'thinner than a human hair'
Low power and high performance sram design using bank-based selective forward body bi - computer science crazy	Low power and high performance sram design using bank based selective forward body bias, body, forward, selective, bank based, using, design, sram, performance, high, power,

ABSTRACT Leakage power consumption is large fraction of the total power consumption in contemporary VLSI designs. Since memories occupy a large portion of the total area of many high-performance ICs, it is crucial to reduce the leakage energy of memories. This problem is particularly aggravated for memories implemented in the 45nm technology node, since these processes exhibit significantly higher leakage power. For these memories, leakage is a significant problem not only from a power point of view, but also from performance degradation standpoint. quantify this problem and provide a solution, using a 512KByte SRAM implemented in a 45nm bulk process as a design example. We show that implementing the SRAM as a monolithic memory results in increased delay as well as power. We illustrate a methodology to optimally reduce leakage power and improve performance in memories by splitting the memory array into word line groups (WLGs) which are selectively forward body biased when accessed. We present a derivation of optimal number of WLGs and the forward body bias voltage value, and show that our approach results in a 9:2% access time reduction, and a 53:4% reduction in power during a read operation. Our approach also achieves an 18% reduction in power during a write operation and a 69% leakage power improvement. The area overhead of our scheme is 7:2% compared to a monolithic memory.
POwer Consumption Minimisation in Embeded Systems -	Systems, Embeded, Minimisation, Consumption, POwer,

plz send total information about this topic.
wireless power transmission - Electrical Fan	wireless power transmission, transmission, power, wireless,

wireless power transmission is the process that takes place in any system where electrical energy is transmitted from a power source to an electrical load, without interconnecting wires. Wireless transmission is useful in cases where instantaneous or continuous energy transfer is needed, but interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible.While the physics are identical, wireless energy transfer is slightly different from wireless transmission for the purpose of telecommunications (the transferring of information), such as radio, where the signal-to-noise ratio, or the percentage of power received, becomes critical if it is too low to recover the signal successfully. With wireless energy transfer efficiency is the more important parameter.The most common form of wireless power is carried out using induction, followed by electrodynamic induction. Other technologies for wireless power include those based upon microwaves and lasers.
USB Power Injector - computer science crazy	USB Power Injector , Injector, Power,

USB Power Injector USB Power Injector is essentially a switch and a 5V regulator. The Vbus supply from USB socket CON1 turns on transistor Q1 which then turns on power Mosfet Q2. This then feeds a 6V DC regulated supply from an external plug pack to regulator REG1 which in turn supplies 5V to USB socket CON2. As with most such drives, it is powered directly from the USB port, so it doesn’t require an external plug pack supply.In fact, the device is powered from two USB ports, since one port is incapable of supplying sufficient current. That’s done using a special USB cable that’s supplied with the drive. It has two connectors fitted to one end, forming what is basically a Y configuration (see photo).One connector is wired for both power and data while the other connector has just the power supply connections. In use, the two connectors are plugged into adjacent USB ports, so that power for the drive is simultaneously sourced from both ports. An external USB hard drive is usually powered by plugging two connectors at one end of a special USB cable into adjacent USB ports on the computer. This allows power to be sourced from both ports. According to the USB specification, USB ports are rated to supply up to 500mA at 5V DC, so two connected in parallel should be quite capable of powering a portable USB hard drive
MONOLITHIC LOW-POWER 16 B 1 SAMPLE/S SELF-CALIBRATING PIPELINE ADC - computer science crazy	PIPELINE, SELF CALIBRATING, SAMPLES, LOW POWER, MONOLITHIC,

MONOLITHIC LOW-POWER 16 B 1 SAMPLE/S SELF-CALIBRATING PIPELINE ADC Abstract:- Pipelined architectures enable the implementation of high-speed, high-resolution, low-power analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Concurrent processing of analog signals results in power and/or speed advantages over flash and multi step ADC architectures. While self-calibration techniques reduce the effects of component mismatches, the digital crosstalk due to correction circuitry can degrade the noise and linearity performance of the overall converter. Previous pipeline ADCs achieve high speed and high resolution, but with the digital circuitry off chip. This 16 b 1 M Sample/s pipeline ADC with on-chip digital correction circuitry operates on a single SV analog supply. Problems due to digital crosstalk and solutions reducing its effects are presented. Reduction of integral non-linearity (INL) errors due to capacitor voltage coefficient is discussed.
HIGH THROUGHPUT AND LOW POWER REED SOLOMEN DECODER FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND FREQUENCIES - computer science crazy	FREQUENCIES, BAND, WIDE, ULTRA, DECODER, SOLOMEN, REED, POWER, THROUGHPUT, HIGH,

HIGH THROUGHPUT AND LOW POWER REED SOLOMEN DECODER FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND FREQUENCIES Abstract:- Reed Solomon (RS) codes have been widely used in a variety of communication systems such as space communication link, digital subscriber loops and wireless systems, as well as in networking Communications and magnetic and data storage systems. Continual demand for ever-higher data rates and storage capacity makes it necessary to devise very high-speed implementations of RS Decoders. Newer and faster implementations of the decoder are being developed and implemented. A number of algorithms are available and this often makes it difficult to determine the best choice due to the number of variables and trade-offs available. Therefore, before making a good choice for the application a thorough research is needed into the decoders available. For IEEE 802.15-03 standard proposal (commonly known as UWB) in particular, very high data rates for transmission are needed. According to the current standard, the data rate for UWB will be as high as 480 Mbps. Since the standard is also meant for portable devices, power consumption is of the prime concern, and at the same time the silicon area should be kept as low as possible. As such, a low power and high throughput codec is needed for UWB standard. Reed Solomon is seen as a promising codec for such a standard.
Solar Power Satellites - computer science crazy	Satellites, Power, Solar,

Solar Power Satellites The new millennium has introduced increased pressure for finding new renewable energy sources. The exponential increase in population has led to the global crisis such as global warming, environmental pollution and change and rapid decrease of fossil reservoirs. Also the demand of electric power increases at a much higher pace than other energy demands as the world is industrialized and computerized. Under these circumstances, research has been carried out to look into the possibility of building a power station in space to transmit electricity to Earth by way of radio waves-the Solar Power Satellites. Solar Power Satellites(SPS) converts solar energy in to micro waves and sends that microwaves in to a beam to a receiving antenna on the Earth for conversion to ordinary electricity. SPS is a clean, large-scale, stable electric power source. Solar Power Satellites is known by a variety of other names such as Satellite Power System, Space Power Station, Space Power System, Solar Power Station, Space Solar Power Station etc. One of the key technologies needed to enable the future feasibility of SPS is that of Microwave Wireless Power Transmission.WPT is based on the energy transfer capacity of microwave beam i.e, energy can be transmitted by a well focused microwave beam. Advances in Phased array antennas and rectennas have provided the building blocks for a realizable WPT system. Increasing global energy demand is likely to continue for many decades. Renewable energy is a compelling approach - both philosophically and in engineering terms. However, many renewable energy sources are limited in their ability to affordably provide the base load power required for global industrial development and prosperity, because of inherent land and water requirements. The burning of fossil fuels resulted in an abrupt decrease in their .it also led to the green house effect and many other environmental problems. Nuclear power seems to be an answer for global warming, but concerns about terrorist attacks on Earth bound nuclear power plants have intensified environmentalist opposition to nuclear power. Moreover, switching on to the natural fission reactor, the sun, yields energy with no waste products. Earth based solar panels receives only a part of the solar energy. It will be affected by the day & night effect and other factors such as clouds. So it is desirable to place the solar panel in the space itself, where, the solar energy is collected and converted in to electricity which is then converted to a highly directed microwave beam for transmission. This microwave beam, which can be directed to any desired location on Earth surface, can be collected and then converted back to electricity. This concept is more advantageous than conventional methods. Also the microwave energy, chosen for transmission, can pass unimpeded through clouds and precipitations. SPS- THE BACKGROUND The concept of a large SPS that would be placed in geostationary orbit was invented by Peter Glaser in 1968. The SPS concept was examined extensively during the late 1970s by the U.S Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The DOE-NASA put forward the SPS Reference System Concept in 1979. The central feature of this concept was the creation of a large scale power infrastructure in space, consisting of about 60 SPS, delivering a total of about 300GW.But, as a result of the huge price tag, lack of evolutionary concept and the subsiding energy crisis in 1980-1981, all U.S SPS efforts were terminated with a view to re-asses the concept after about ten years. During this time international interest in SPS emerged which led to WPT experiments in Japan.

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