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DRIP IRRIGATION AND CLOGGING IN DRIP IRRIGATION full report

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DRIP IRRIGATION AND CLOGGING IN DRIP IRRIGATION

INTRODUCTION
Drip irrigation is a method of applying water or frequent application of water to crops through small emitters in the vicinity of root zone, wetting a limited amount of surface area and depth of soil.

DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
In drip system water is conveyed through a system of flexible pipe lines
Drip system reduces water requirement of the plant by maintaining minimum soil moisture, equal to field capacity.

SYSTEM COMPONENTS
A Pump to lift water
A head tank to store the water and maintain a pressure head of 5 to 7 m
Central distribution system
Mains and secondary lines
Trickle lines
Plastic nozzles

ADVANTAGES
Less requirement of irrigation water
Water supply at optimum level.
Water logging is avoided
High yield
Cultivation of cash crops
No over irrigation
Variation in application rate.
Weed control
Increase in net irrigable area
Nutrients preservation
No soil erosion
Suitable for any topography
Maintenance of high surface
temperature

DRAWBACKS
Danger of blockade of nozzles
Change in spacing of nozzles
Initial cost is more
Water distribution in the soil is restricted

SCREEN FILTERS
Used for removing suspended solids, organic and in organic particles.
Best suited for water sources with low solids concentration and moderate flow rates.
Cylindrical in shape, non corrosive metal mesh
The holes are 0.08 to 0.15mm in size

MEDIA FILTERS
Media filters remove fine organic and in organic particles such as algae, slime growths, silt and clay.
A tank or series of tanks filled with sand is the main component.
Media filters are more effective.

CHEMICAL WATER TREATMENT
Chemical treatment method is to solve
the following types of problems
Growth of bacteria in slime water
Growth of algae and aquatic plants within the water supply or irrigation system
Precipitation of iron, sulphur or calcium carbonate

BACTERIAL SLIMES\PRECIPITATES
Bacteria live on iron or sulphur and produce a mass of slime that clogs emitters and filters
Bacteria cause iron precipitation by oxidizing soluble ferrous oxide to form insoluble ferric oxide.
Chlorination is the usual treatment to inhibit bacterial activity.

CONCLUSION
Drip irrigation system is an economical and very efficient system of irrigating
vegetables, row crops etc.
Drip irrigated crops use less water compared to overhead irrigated crops.
Drip irrigation increase yields
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